This way the footprint is never understated because of an ambiguity. If the customer or the supplier later provides primary data, those data replace the conservative factor and the result is refined.
Glossary
Most conservative factor
In Xain’s method, the most conservative factor is the one applied when the documentation leaves a doubt: the one that gives the highest emissions value is chosen.
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Process tree
The process tree is the structure that breaks a product type down into its materials and operations, so that every node carries its own physical factor.
Methodology
How Xain calculates the product carbon footprint: physical factors, process tree, most conservative factor and primary data. An ISO 14067 methodology by LRQA.
Physical vs spend factors
Differences between spend-based and physical emission factors: how they are calculated, what errors they cause and when each fits for products and Scope 3.
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